Quaid E Azam, The Best Leader

Quaid E Azam, The Best Leader Leadership and Organizational Behavior: If you change your past and work together in a spirit that every one of you, no matter to what community he belongs, no matter what relations he had with you in the past, no matter what his color, caste or creed, is first, second and last a citizen of this State with equal rights, privileges and obligations, there will be no end to the progress you will make. (Muhammad Ali Jinnah) (1) It really takes a lifetime to achieve your dreams but in order achieve the dream of millions, it is a feat that only a few can perform in the whole mankind but Quaid-e-Azam was one of them. The abilities and skills which he manifested in the creation of Pakistan and the fight he fought, with reasons and logics to bring the dream of a lifetime for millions of souls was unsurpassable. We will always remain in debt to this man and those millions of sacrifices. Why I chose Quaid-e-Azam, the best leader: Everyone in this earth has a hero. People have heroes because they really admire that specific person and they really look up to that person. They really want to do what they have done and they have achieved in their lives. Likewise, I also have a hero. My hero is Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. There has been a lot written and said about him. From Larry Collins, Dominique Lapierre to Stanley Walport; everyone agreed on one thing: this man, this leader and founder of Pakistan had resolve of a man unbreakable even by the might of the mightiest, the British Empire, the Hindus and by all who thought that to create Pakistan was something beyond reach. But he stood strongly against all who promised and applied pressure from every direction and yet they couldnt move him even an inch. He was to give all, he single handedly performed his responsibilities and there are some elements that make him very unique in all sense; as a leader or as a tactician, as one of the finest implementer of law or as a symbol of governance. I choose him as my hero leader because I really admire him and his style, his personality and most importantly what he did for the Muslims of our country. He gave Muslims the freedom from the British Empire that was ruling at that time. Biographies and Articles: I have read lots of biographies and articles on Quaid-e-Azam and I am going to discuss and analyze a few of those here. The first biography named, Muhammad Ali Jinnah Biography (2) describes the basic introduction about the early life of Quaid-e-Azam and his early education, his comeback to India, starting of his practice at bar, his joining of All India National Congress has also been described, agreement on Lucknow Pact, Jinnahs fourteen points, his control over the Muslim League, Lahore Resolution, 1945-46 elections and the establishment of Pakistan. The second biography named, Biography on Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (3) also describes his early life and his education, his life in London has also been discussed, his return to Karachi in 1896, his entrance in Politics in 1906, his role in unifying the Muslims into a nation and becoming the first head of a new estate i.e. Pakistan. The third biography named, Biography on Quaid-e-Azam (4) explains Birth of Quaid-e-Azam, the Early Life of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Political Career of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Constitutional Struggle of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muslim League Reorganization and link of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Demand for Pakistan Slogan Raised by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Cripps Scheme and the most importantly, The Quaids last Words. An article, Remembering the Founder (5), from Dawn December 25, 2000; shows the importance of Quaid-e-Azam in the struggle against the problems in making Pakistan, it also shows his modern vision of politics and his vision of Pakistan as well. Another article, Quaids Concept of Pakistan (6), from The News International Pakistan December 25, 2005; tells about the controversy over whether the Quaid-e-Azam envisaged Pakistan to develop into an Islamic or secular state, the collapse of the 1857 resistance, treatment of minorities, his effective speeches, the dangers to Pakistan and his concept of a Nation. By reading all the above mentioned biographies and articles, I want to share the information I gathered, his qualities, efforts and most amazingly zero level of weaknesses, my views about the strengths and accurate behavior of this great leader. Early Life: Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was born on December 25th, 1876, to a mercantile family in Karachi. He got his early education at the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam and the Christian Mission School. He joined the Lincolns Inn in 1893 and became the youngest Indian to be called to the Bar. After three years, he became most famous lawyer in Bombay. In 1905, he entered politics from the platform of the Indian National Congress. As a member of a congress delegation, he went to England in that year to plead the cause of Indian self-governemnt during the British elections. By forming a political group called the Muslim League, he got us a freedom. Talking to all the Muslims around in the sub-continent at that time, he said, We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral code, customs and calendar, history and tradition, aptitudes and ambitions; in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all canons of international law, we are a nation. (7) Political Career: In January 1910, Quaid-e-Azam was elected to the newly-constituted Imperial Legislative Council. He was probably the most powerful voice in the cause of Indian freedom rights all through his parliamentary career. Jinnah was also the first Indian to pilot a private members Bill through the Council and soon became a leader of a group inside the legislature. Strong Beliefs: For almost three decades since his entry into politics in 1906, Jinnah strongly believed in Hindu-Muslim unity. The Hindu leader before Gandhi, Gokhale, had once said of him, He has the true stuff in him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity. (8) And he did become the architect of Hindu-Muslim Unity, he was the one who was responsible for the Congress-League Pact of 1916, known as Lucknow Pact; the only pact ever signed between the two political organizations, the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, the two major communities in the subcontinent. Key Roles: The Lucknow Pact showed a milestone in the evolution of Indian politics. It conceded Muslims the right to separate electorate, reservation of seats in the legislatures and weightage in the representation both at the Centre and the minority provinces, thus binding the trend towards Muslim individuality in Indian politics. All the credit for this goes to Jinnah. Thus, by 1917, Jinnah came to be recognized among both Hindus and Muslims as one of Indias most outstanding political leaders. He was very prominent in the Congress and the Imperial Legislative Council as he was the President of the All India Muslim and that of the Bombay Branch of the Home Rule League. More importantly, because of his very special role in the Congress League agreement at Lucknow, he was hailed as the ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity. Great Impact: In 1940, the formulation of the Muslim demand for Pakistan had a great impact on the course of Indian politics. It shattered forever the Hindu dreams of Indian, in fact, Hindu empire on British exit from India. The reaction of the Hindus was quick and bitter too. The British were equally hostile to the Muslim demand, their hostility having stemmed from their belief that the unity of India was their main achievement and their foremost contribution. The irony was that both the Hindus and the British had not anticipated the strong response that the Pakistan demand had elicited from the Muslim masses. Hence, they failed to know how a hundred million people had amazingly become so much conscious of their distinct nationhood and their destiny. In monitoring the course of Muslim politics towards Pakistan, none played a more prominent role than did Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. It was only his advocacy of the case of Pakistan and it was his remarkable strategy in the delicate negotiations that followed the formulation of the Pakistan demand, particularly in the post-war period, that made Pakistan inevitable. Limitless Struggle and Efforts: In subsequent years, however, he felt dismayed at the involvement of violence in the politics. Jinnah really felt that political terrorism was not the way to the national liberation but, the dark route to disaster and destruction. Hence Jinnah could not possibly, countenance Mohandas Karamchand Gandhis novel methods of Civil Disobedience and the triple boycott of government aided schools and colleges, courts and councils and British textiles. Earlier, in October 1920, when Gandhi, having been elected President of the Home Rule League, tried to change its constitution as well as its nomenclature, Jinnah had resigned from the Home Rule League, saying: Your extreme program has for the moment struck the imagination mostly of the inexperienced youth and the ignorant and the illiterate. All this means disorganization and chaos. (9) Required Behavior: In the growing frustration among the masses caused by colonial rule, there was strong cause for extremism. Jinnah felt that it might lead to the building up of resentment, but nothing constructive. Hence, he opposed the tactics adopted by Gandhi to exploit the Khilafat and wrongful tactics in the Punjab in the early twenties. On the eve of its adoption of the Gandhian program, Jinnah warned the Nagpur Congress Session (1920): You are making a declaration (of Swaraj) and committing the Indian National Congress to a program, which you will not be able to carry out, (10). He felt that there was no short-cut to independence and that Gandhis constitutional methods could only lead to political terrorism, lawlessness and chaos, without bringing India nearer to freedom. Although Jinnah left the Congress soon thereafter but he continued his efforts towards bringing about a Hindu-Muslim unity. However, because of the huge distrust between the two communities as evidenced by the country-wide communal riots, and because the Hindus failed to meet the right demands of the Muslims, his efforts came to zero. One such effort was the formulation of the Delhi Muslim Proposals in March, 1927. Jinnah argued in vain at the National convention (1928): What we want is that Hindus and Muslims should march together until our object is achieved. These two communities have got to be reconciled and united and made to feel that their interests are common, (11). The Conventions blank refusal to accept Muslim demands represented the setback to Jinnahs passionate efforts to bring about Hindu-Muslim unity, it meant the last straw for the Muslims, and the parting of the ways for him, as he confessed to a Parsee friend at that time. Jinnahs disillusionment at the course of politics in the subcontinent made him to migrate and settle down in London in the early thirties. He returned to India in 1934, at the pleadings of his co-religionists, and did assume their leadership. But then the Muslims presented a sad spectacle at that time. They were a mass of dissatisfied and demoralized people, politically disorganized program. To get the Muslim people freedom, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah played a big role. He was the only Muslim to stand up and rally all the Muslims together so they could have their freedom on Aug. 14, 1947. Great Thoughts and Sayings of Quaid-e-Azam: We can look to the future with robust confidence provided we do not relax and fritter away our energies in internal dissensions. There was never a greater need for discipline and unity in our ranks. It is only with united effort and faith in our destiny that we shall be able to translate the Pakistan of our dreams into reality. (Mohammed Ali Jinnah) (12) My message to you all is of hope, courage and confidence. Let us mobilize all our resources in a systematic and organized way and tackle the grave issues that confront us with grim determination and discipline worthy of a great nation. (Mohammad Ali Jinnah) (13) We are now all Pakistanisnot Baluchis, Pathans, Sindhis, Bengalis, and Punjabis and so onand as Pakistanis we must feet behave and act, and we should be proud to be known as Pakistanis and nothing else. (Mohammad Ali Jinnah) (14) We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play. (Mohammad Ali Jinnah) (15) Come forward as servants of Islam organize the people economically, socially, educationally and politically and I am sure that you will be a power that will be accepted by everybody. (Mohammad Ali Jinnah) (15) The Quaids Last Message: With a sense of great satisfaction at the completion of his mission that Jinnah told the nation in his last message on 14 August, 1948: The foundations of your State have been laid and it is now for you to build and build as quickly and as well as you can, (16). In accomplishing the task he had taken upon himself on the morrow of Pakistans birth, Jinnah had worked himself to death. Result: The Quaid e Azam is admired by all political parties as well as by the army in Pakistan. He was a tremendous leader whose first preference was to give special status for the Muslim League within a united India as being the sole representative of the Muslim community. This was unacceptable to the Congress which had been quite secular in its outlook and had leaders from all the many religions. The Quaid-e-Azam was an accomplished lawyer and a magnificent negotiator. He used the threat of creating Pakistan as a stick if his demands were not met. After getting Pakistan, he wanted it to be a secular state but unfortunately he died within a year of its creation. As a result, religious forces quickly adopted a resolution making Pakistan an Islamic republic and introduced a basis for subsequent misuse for intolerant agendas of some of its most influential leaders. Conclusions: That is why I really admire him. He is a hero to everyone in my country because of what he did for our country and for the Muslims. He fought so much for Pakistan and he did so much for us that no one can ever forget. He is a great freedom hero for me. In all his speeches given in whatever little time he had, it paved way for all to see and to learn how Pakistan should develop its economic and foreign policies, how to protect rights of the minorities, based on justice and fairness, a society set on the principles of Islam, where all will be able to take part to its success and progression but we all forgot within the months of his departure. It is still time for Pakistanis to wake up and to follow the spirit of its founder to bring back this country to its feet. All the challenges we face, all the resistance we face amongst ourselves and from outside can be removed if we could only understand Jinnah and his life and know the mechanics in creation of a country that became second largest Muslim country in 20th century. But this was not to happen as we forgot our very own sacrifices, our very own people and our very own founder Jinnah. Instead of following his vision; we followed our instincts based on greed and promotion of values against all what he made and created. We forgot Jinnah and have turned Jinnah into just a mere symbol. It is his words; it is his life which should be lived in all of us. We have betrayed him in last sixty one years. It is still time to appreciate and to bring that spirit back in Pakistan and in all of Pakistanis, and we have to forget these differences that we have created. We must become more understanding and tolerant of each other and work together. It is this task that is the need of the time and our major responsibility. Remember a young boy, age of seventeen, arriving at Southampton. Remember a person who learnt all the important ways of life in those dull and depressing months of winter. Remember that person who once walked near river Thames, asking himself what a change means and how it can be brought. Even Jinnah had no idea what so ever at that time but he learnt that studying Law will take him so far but he never thought that one day he will fight in a way no one had done it ever before. One day he will fight for the hopes of millions. He took stand against Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, Mountbatten and the whole British Empire. But he fought well with both his mind and words and took intelligent actions to turn this dream into reality. It is now up to us as individuals and as a society and as leaders of this Pakistan to understand the cause and all what it took. It is this man Mohammed Ali Jinnah who became in the process our Quaid-e-Azam, the founder of Pakistan. It is this man, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Quaid-e-Azam, a man for all seasons we owe our lives to and to Pakistan.

Foreign Players in English Football

On 30 December 2009, the Barclays Premier League football match between Arsenal and Portsmouth made English football history as the first match not to include any British players. Arsenal’s team of multi-million pound foreign stars won the game comfortably, 4-1; some would argue this is all that matters, but those who are passionate about football – the real connoisseurs of the English game – will recognize a deep underlying issue. Modern day football is unrecognizable compared to what has preceded it.In times past, teams were fashioned by nurturing young home-grown talent and bolstering the squad with a few lads from Scotland and Ireland. Now the common consensus is that to achieve any success it is necessary to catch the attention of an exceedingly wealthy oil tycoon who will buy the club and proceed to spend ? 200 million a year on overpriced talent from the four corners of the world. This ethos is destroying British football. For example in the Premier League there are 337 registered foreign players representing a total of 66 different countries.That equates to an average of 17 foreign players per squad; the averages in Italy, France and Spain are all around 10. On the first day of the inaugural Premier League season in 1992 just 22 non-British players started; on the first day of this season 124 started. It isn’t right that success should be based on finance, is it? In 2004 Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich bought Chelsea F. C. , a team which hadn’t won the league since 1954. He splashed an extravagant amount of money on the creme de la creme of foreign talent from around the globe.Three seasons later they experienced unprecedented success which, would never have happened without the cash injection. However, it was all achieved with just three regularly playing British players, who only made the squad because they were exceptional talents which money could not replace. This set a new benchmark for all the top teams in the land, making a clear statement that if they wanted to match Chelsea’s success they would have to match Chelsea’s spending and sacrifice their home-grown players or risk being left behind.In 1995 the British transfer record was ? 7,000,000; by 2006 the record had sharply risen to ? 30,800,000, and player wages were spiralling out of control. It is true that this has lead to stronger squads, and the Premier League being viewed as the strongest league in the World, with consistent success in Europe, but can it be right to sacrifice our own players for this success? I think not. Journalists, pundits and just about every football fan in England have formed their own theories concerning England’s miserable failure at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa.Many causes have been suggested, yet to me the reason is obvious. If one analyses the teams which were most successful in South Africa, a definite trend appears. Spain won the World Cup this year. Many argue that the y reached the final against Holland mainly because 77. 1% of footballers in their domestic league are qualified to play for the national team, a direct result of home-grown players being given the opportunity in their clubs' first teams. In the Premier League fewer than 40% of players are English. Jose Luis Astiazaran, president of the Spanish Football League, said. Our strategy is to work very hard with young home-grown players and to try to have a mix between them and experienced players†¦ we invest more  and more in young Spanish players than in young foreign players. England has  many times taken young players from outside†¦ these kinds of players are not English. This is one of the most important differences between Spain and England. We invest in  young Spanish players†¦ maybe this is why at the moment you are not creating young English players. † One view is that foreign players benefit the English players, who apparently perform better alongside th e World’s best. I think – don’t you? that if more money, time, and attention were put into cultivating the abundance of young English talent, the English players themselves would be the world’s best. The Premier League have recognised this, and this year the F. A. implemented new squad rules controlling the number of foreign players in each squad. This is a start towards reducing the amount of foreign players in the league, but the rules are too loose and easy to circumvent. Foreign players can be bought in from a young age and developed in the academies; this means the young Englishmen still don’t get the attention they crave in order to advance their careers.In my opinion the influx of foreign players in England is the single most detrimental factor in the game, leading to over-inflated transfer fees, increase in ticket prices, under development of home-grown players and ultimately the destruction of the national team. The Premier League must rev iew its policies, and clubs must invest in their academies or English national football will continue to deteriorate well into the future, and so many young aspiring footballers will be cast aside, and I for one cannot see that happen to the sport I and so many other Brits love.

Motivation Theories Of Motivation And Motivation Essay

Overview of Presentation What is motivation? Cognitive theories of Motivation Forms of Motivation Motivation Theories Profile of Motivational Problems How to Motivate Students What is Motivation? Many different theorists have tried to define what is meant by motiviation. Urdan and Schoenfelder (2006) defined Motivation as follows: â€Å"Motivation is a complex part of human psychology and behavior that influences how individuals choose to invest their time, how much energy they exert in any given task, how they think and feel about the task, and how long they persist at the task (Urdan, T. Schoenfelder, E., 2006) Forms of Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Driven by external factors:  Grades Treats Stickers Praise Intrinsic MotivationDriven by internal factors: Fun Interests Challenges Theories of Motivation Profiles of Motivational Problems in Students (Stipek, 2002) Defensive Daniel/ Danica Pretends to be working but is just playing around Afraid to try because he/she fears that everyone will know that he/she is â€Å"dumb† One of the worst students in class Puts his/her energy into preventing teachers and classmates from concluding that he/she lacks ability The strategies he/she uses to avoid looking dumb prevents him/her from getting smart Gives teachers impression that he/she is working diligently but just gets the answer from a classmate or from copying from someone else’s paper Wants everyone to notice that he/she isn’t trying Prefers to be knownShow MoreRelatedMotivation Theory : Motivation And Motivation846 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Jones Psychology April 28 2016 Motivation Theories Having motivation to do something is very important. 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The Houses of Windsor and Hanover

It is not at all unusual for European royal families to have bloodlines and names from foreign nations. After all, it was common for European dynasties over the centuries to use marriage as a political tool for empire-building. The Austrian Habsburgs even boasted of their talent in this regard: Let others wage war; you, happy Austria, marry.* (See  Austria Today  for more.) But few people are aware of how recent the British royal family name Windsor is, or that it replaced very German names. *The Habsburg saying in Latin and German: Bella gerant alii, tu felix Austria nube. - Laßt andere Krieg fà ¼hren, Du, glà ¼ckliches Ãâ€"sterreich, heirate. The House of Windsor The Windsor name now used by Queen Elizabeth II and other British royals only dates back to 1917. Before that the British royal family bore the German name Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha  in German). Why the Drastic Name Change? The answer to that question is simple: World War I. Since August 1914 Britain had been at war with Germany. Anything German had a bad connotation, including the German name Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Not only that, Germanys Kaiser Wilhelm was a cousin of the British king. So on July 17, 1917, to prove his loyalty to England, Queen Victorias grandson King George V officially declared that all descendants in the male line of Queen Victoria, who are subjects of these realms, other than female descendants who marry or who have married, shall bear the name Windsor. Thus the king himself, who was a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changed his own name and that of his wife, Queen Mary, and their children to Windsor. The new English name Windsor was taken from one of the kings castles.) Queen Elizabeth II confirmed the royal Windsor name in a declaration following her accession in 1952. But in 1960 Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip announced yet another name change. Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, whose mother had been Alice of Battenberg, had already Anglicized his name to Philip Mountbatten when he married Elizabeth in 1947. (Interestingly, all four of Philips sisters, all now deceased, married Germans.) In her 1960 declaration to the Privy Council, the Queen expressed her wish that her children by Philip (other than those in line for the throne) would henceforth bear the hyphenated name Mountbatten-Windsor. The royal familys name remained Windsor. Queen Victoria and the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Line The British House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) began with Queen Victorias marriage to the German Prince Albert of Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha in 1840. Prince Albert (1819-1861) was also responsible for the introduction of  German Christmas customs  (including the Christmas tree) in England. The British royal family still celebrates Christmas on December 24th rather than on Christmas Day, as is normal English custom. Queen Victorias eldest daughter, the Princess Royal Victoria, also married a German prince in 1858.  Prince Philip is a direct descendant of Queen Victoria through her daughter Princess Alice, who married another German, Ludwig IV, Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Victorias son, King Edward VII (Albert Edward, Bertie), was the first and only British monarch who was a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He ascended to the throne at the age of 59 when Victoria died in 1901. Bertie reigned for nine years until his death in 1910. His son George Frederick Ernest Albert (1865-1936) became King George V, the man who renamed his line Windsor. The Hanoverians (Hannoveraner) Six British monarchs, including Queen Victoria and the infamous King George III during the American Revolution, were members of the German House of Hanover: George I (ruled 1714-1727)George II (ruled 1727-1760)George III (ruled 1760-1820)George IV (ruled 1820-1830)William IV (ruled 1830-1837)Victoria (ruled 1837-1901) Before becoming the first British king of the Hanoverian line in 1714, George I (who spoke more German than English) had been the Duke of Brunswick-Là ¼neberg (der Herzog von Braunschweig-Là ¼neberg). The first three royal Georges in the House of Hannover (also known as the House of Brunswick, Hanover Line) were also electors and dukes of Brunswick-Là ¼neberg. Between 1814 and 1837 the British monarch was also the king of Hanover, then a kingdom in what is now Germany. Hanover Trivia New York Citys Hanover Square takes its name from the royal line, as does the Canadian province of New Brunswick, and several Hanover communities in the U.S. and Canada. Each of the following U.S. states has a town or township named Hanover: Indiana, Illinois, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia. In Canada: the provinces of Ontario and Manitoba. The German spelling of the city there is  Hannover  (with two ns).

Pathways Through Financial Crisis - 7619 Words

Global Governance 12 (2006), 413– 429 Pathways Through Financial Crisis: India Arunabha Ghosh India survived near-crisis situations twice in the 1990s. How did internal and external constraints shape that country’s ability to respond to the crises? This article argues that India’s success can be attributed to four sets of decisions taken during the period 1991–1997: devaluation, involvement of the IMF, partial liberalization of the domestic financial sector, and gradual opening up of the external sector. The article analyzes the options, political opposition, and eventual outcomes for each set of decisions. India’s ownership of its reform program helped set the pace of reform, while close interaction between technocrats and the IMF added†¦show more content†¦Petroleum import costs in 1990–1991 increased by half to US$5.7 billion.10 The government had to bear the additional burden of airlifting and rehabilitating 112,000 Indian workers from the Middle East as remittances from the region declined.11 The second shock was global recessi on: world growth had declined from 4.5 percent in 1988 to 2.25 percent in 1991.12 Export growth in the United States—India’s largest market—turned negative in 1991. Conditions in the Soviet Union, another major export destination, had also worsened. In 1990–1991 India’s exports grew only 4 percent. India was also suffering from internal political instability. The fragile National Front coalition faced a nationwide crisis in the summer of 1990 over its affirmative action policies. By autumn, a campaign by the BJP (an upper caste–dominated coalition partner) to build a Hindu temple at the site of a sixteenth-century mosque in Ayodhya resulted in widespread communal violence. The government collapsed when the BJP pulled out. A new minority government failed to pass the scheduled budget in February 1991 when it lost the Congress Party’s external support. In May 1991, while Arunabha Ghosh 415 campaigning for the general elections, former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated. In reaction, and in parallel to these developments, the economic situation worsened. By September 1990, net inflows of Non-Resident Indian deposits had turned negative. Access to commercialShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Hierarchical Order Within South East Asia Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesit is the South East Asian states themselves which created this peace and co-operation through two broad ‘pathways’: Omni-enmeshment on a regional and inter-state level and the creation of a ‘complex balance of influence.’ My main criticism with her argument is that the current order in South East Asia has yet to be challenged by a substantial security crisis, leaving us questioning just how robust these pathways are. I also reference to John Mearsheimer’s paper on the ‘false promise of internationalRead MoreSolving The Foreclosure Crisis: Two Solutions Es say1444 Words   |  6 Pagesof the major contributors to this current economic meltdown is the rapid increase in foreclosures across the country. 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Dark Time Free Essays

Theodore Roethke is one of America’s premier poets, ranking alongside Robert Frost, Walt Whitman, and Carl Sandburg. His 1964 poem â€Å"In A Dark Time† is both disturbing and challenging as a man veers on the edge of sanity through an outdoor experience. Roethke demonstrates through subject and form that he is a master poet, reflecting the deep inner sense of self that can portray such emotions without being reduced to cliche or juvenilia. We will write a custom essay sample on Dark Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now The title of the poem—â€Å"In A Dark Time†Ã¢â‚¬â€is the first clue that all is not well in Roethke’s universe. It is the primary indicator that the poem speaks to the troubled half of life. In many ways one is reminded of Robert Frost’s â€Å"Acquainted With the Night,† which conveys a deeper metaphor of depression in its surface-simple account of insomnia. â€Å"In A Dark Time† speaks volumes about the poem that will follow. Roethke relies on a single simile in this poem, although it is replete with metaphor. In the last stanza, he says his soul is â€Å"like some heat-maddened summer fly† buzzing on the windowsill. One can instantly picture the frantic action of such a fly, its nervous bouncing, ticking and constant action. His soul, being like this, is perpetually agitated. But Roethke has established this interpretation through the metaphor of the dark woods; a place where is soul has been caught out in the middle of the day, yet plunged in darkness. He is lost here, wondering whether something ahead is shelter (the cave) or further travail (merely a bend in the path). He sees himself dancing on the edge physically and metaphorically. In the first two stanzas, Roethke personifies his shadow, an image that most people perceive as a dark figure to begin with. Roethke expands the idea of his shadow to incorporate the darker nature of his self. He meets his shadow in the deepening shade, giving the reader a sense that he is meeting the darkest part of his inner self at a time when the depths of his depression have encompassed him. As with most people, Roethke relates a realistic happening as most people only reflect upon their lives in their darkest hours (â€Å"In a dark time, the eye begins to see†). In the last stanza, Roethke personifies his fear. (â€Å"A fallen man, I climb out of my fear†). As many know, fear is not a physical entity that can be ascended or descended. In this case, however, Roethke’s fear (â€Å"his dark time†) has become such an overwhelming reality to him that, in order to emerge from the depths of his struggle, Roethke sees this ascent as a physical act. Reading the line in full, the reader gets a sense that Roethke has actually fallen into an abyss known as fear. How to cite Dark Time, Essay examples

Argumentative Essy on Teenage Drivers free essay sample

Saving Lives of the Inexperienced Remember the days leading up to your sixteenth birthday? You would be talking with friends about how you cannot wait to go out in your new car and drive with the wind blowing through your hair? Plus the adrenaline pumping in your body especially on the day of your birthday and waiting to go to the license bureau and claim your ticket to freedom! Though there may have been another side of the spectrum which was not being focused on, and that was the amount of experience you have yet to gain before calling yourself a full-time driver. By nationally setting the drivers learner permit minimum age at sixteen years old and enforcing two years of driving with a licensed adult before obtaining a full license, will result in reducing the amount of teenage car accidents because of the increase in supervised driving experience for new drivers. Earlier this year last October, Kieran Turner, a spokesman for NZTA (New Zealand Transportation Agency) mentioned teenage car accidents are still the single biggest killer of teenagers nationally (Car crashes biggest teen killer). Additionally, ccording to statistics gathered by the Federal Highway Administration, drivers 19 years old and under came in second on the rank in amount of fatal accidents, being 3,272 total, both females and males (Federal Highway Administration). The group which came in first was the 20 to 24 years old drivers with an amount of 5,600 total fatal accidents (Federal Highway Administration). From looking at the statistics, there clearly is a sign showing that action needs to be taken into consideration in order to drop these rates. Age rather in comparison to experience, is the actual top cause of raffic incidents among teenagers. Though, the age does go in a relation to experience, but every driver is different. Explorations need to occur with new drivers and the link with high amounts of car accidents, with the help of an increase in supervised experience provided by a licensed adult. Teenagers growing up more in this day and age, will most likely have a cell phone with them at all times, having grown up with cell phones in comparison to past drivers who did not. There was a study performed to investigate the relationship between cell phones and automobile accidents and was done by Thomas Dinkelacker. An observation was made, Use of cell phones while driving was associated with a quadrupling of the risk of collision (similar to the hazard associated with a blood alcohol level of the legal limit) (Dinkelacker 168). Additionally, there was a 10 year national study performed of highway fatalities, and one of the authors mentioned in an article written by the Washington Post: Few teenagers are aware that nightfall magnifies the risk posed by their inexperience and fatigue he resulting fatigue, especially at night, can contribute to impairment that is similar to eing intoxicated (Halsey Ill A06). When a driver gets behind the wheel of a car, he or she needs to recognize the other lives which are in the car and now at risk. The moment a driver gets behind the wheel of a car with other passengers, nothing is more important than protecting those live s, like a parent protecting their children from harm. By mixing cell phones, darkness, fatigue, and much more, such as high, because we have not taken away the distractions leading to the fatal accidents. What people may not know about teenagers and development is that the human rain is still developing during adolescent years. Texas Transportation Institute wrote a study in regards to the brain development and teenagers which was composed by Ashley Halsey Ill, a writer for the Washington Post. Novice drivers (1 5 to 17 years old) are at a distinct disadvantage, not only because of their incomplete brain development Research has found that the prefrontal cortex of the brain the region responsible for weighing the consequences of risky behavior is the last part of the brain to develop (Halsey Ill A03). There was another conducted, by Jeff Muttart, a U. S. based academic who studies the mechanics and psychology of driving. He stated, mioung adults do not have fully formed brain connections (Cheney A6). Taking a moment to think about what he may mean by this is important, because would we as other drivers, want those kinds of drivers on the road with us? Teenagers with more brain development understand the risk factors of driving recklessly or being more aggressive towards other drivers and causing danger from having the experience of driving with licensed adults. Allowing the opportunity to drive with a licensed adult provides the chance to experience and earn from those rare high-risk moments when inexperienced drivers may not know what to do. Driving does require a lot of quick decision making, rational reasoning skills, critical thinking because of the amount of responsibility being on the road with numerous other people. However, there is the thought of what will happen with the transportation of students to and from high school institutions? Most public high schools already have a bus transportation system which will pick up students as well as drive each home, but what about private schools? Private high schools, which would have a lower need for parking sports, with it only being the highest grade level needed to park, as a result would have more reason for a bus transportation system as well. Parents which are not paying for their children to have a car, car insurance and extra necessities do have the money to contribute to the bus transportation system which could then be used. The money from usage of the old parking lot will now be used towards the bus transportation system of students. Yet, actually there is already a bus transportation system right in cities today, and he government pays for each year. By making use of the transportation system there is a decrease amount of money spent for parents per year on average, less pollution of carbon dioxide put into the air, and the roads are opened up some more and lowering the rate of danger from less high school students being out on the road. In addition, the upperclassmen of the high school which may live near other students are capable to carpool with the lowerclassmen since they are more familiar with driving from the increase of experience provided by the change in minimum age for ermit drivers to begin the two year training towards a full license.